Humanae Vitae Reflection Essay

Humanae Vitae †Encyclical Letter on the guideline of birth As a Roman Catholic, I have been raised to accept what the Church has instructed for a considerable length of time. As we are living in Humanae Vitae, most likely difficulties will emerge for certain individuals in today’s society when they read this content. In spite of the fact that I experienced issues seeing one articulation noted in the content the manner by which the Church had, I ended up concurring with the Pope in the issues introduced as far as today’s society. Starting with the â€Å"problem and competency of the magisterium,† Pope Paul composes toward the beginning of the record, â€Å"†But the most amazing improvement of everything is to be seen in man’s terrific improvement in the mastery and reasonable association of the powers of nature to the point that he is attempting to expand this authority over each part of his own life †over his body, over his psyche and feelings, over his public activity, and significantly over the laws that manage the transmission of life† (n. 2). Albeit Human life came from God, has a place with God, and returns to God, I accept that we are our â€Å"own† spirits, and that we were made with decisions, including the way that we it might be said control our real factors that make up the manner in which we carry on with our lives and the things we do regularly. I don't trust it is a fantasy as Pope is proposing and further more don't accept we are purchased at a cost from God †in spite of the fact that it might be said, the decisions where God gives us are the costs â€Å"we pay† to carry on with the life wherein we were in all actuality, it is up to us as people. Forward looking, as the new inquiry of â€Å"principle of totality† becomes an integral factor, I accept that the issue of sex in the public arena today, or maybe the manner by which the more youthful ages see sex, is imperfect. I concur that sexual movement wherein Pope Paul was composing that it isn't right to reduce its message and that it has a place with the setting of submitted love, fixed by marriage and receptiveness to life since it is the best reflection and thinking to which the endowment of sexuality was given to us. Besides, I wholeheartedly have faith in the doctrinal standards in segment II that present â€Å"a wholistic vision of man† (n. 7). The hidden joints to a dedicated life are virtuousness and marriage, requesting â€Å"conjugal love, dependable parenthood, and adjustment to the imaginative goal and structure of God† are clear. In the segment of Consequences of Artificial Methods, I gree that in limens terms, how effectively utilizing contraception and other counterfeit strategies could make the way for conjugal unfaithfulness and a settling for the status quo, particularly our age. Today, sex has become a piece of the American culture that has driven the youthful to be effectively influenced in accepting and surrendering to different types of enticements, including pre-marriage sex. I think a huge part in this is the manner by which you are brought up, the children wherein you encircle yourself with, and how much impact parental figures had in their children’s sex lives. It is predictable in the assessment of the encyclical letter that very little experience is should have been mindful of and understanding people and that the youthful should be shown at an early stage to not influence from the â€Å"moral law. † Instead, they need â€Å"incentives† to keep the ethical law since enticement is all over, and without oversight and somebody to be there as a watchman, I accept the youngster is increasingly well-suited to succumb to such shades of malice, which might have desperate results as they move into their grown-up life. Another ground-breaking proclamation in which I completely concur with has to do with a man who gets acclimated with the utilization of preventative techniques may overlook â€Å"the worship because of a woman† and dismissal her physical and passionate harmony, decreasing her to an instrument for the fulfillment of his own wants, done considering her as his accomplice whom he should encompass with care and love. As I would like to think, these are very justified and solid, stacked proclamations. My thinking is that, once more, I feel like more youthful ages of men were not raised with a similar degree of regard for the manner by which to treat their female friends. This I add to various elements, including the media of today’s society and the child rearing of the child’s youthfulness. Be that as it may, I accept just in light of the fact that a lady utilizes contraceptives doesn't qualifies the man for see the lady any in an unexpected way. Or maybe, I accept that the man knows about the manner by which he treats ladies, or at the end of the day, that he either regard ladies genuinely and sincerely completely, or he doesn't. What's more, starting there, in the event that he doesn't, that man could then utilize contraceptives as a â€Å"tool† as it were to assist his narrow-mindedness. I figure a decent thinking behind this may come additionally from the manner by which the kid was brought and the route up in which he was raised to see ladies. For instance, if a little youngster was raised with a dad who mishandled his mom, he may take either limits contingent upon the manner in which it affected him: A, the kid could scorn his dad for what he never really mother and swear that he will consistently regard ladies and never resemble his dad, or B, he could return to his father’s ways and treat future ladies with the insolence that was instructed by his father. In any case, I trust it isn't the place you originate from, it is your main event with your circumstance and I accept confidence can have a great deal of support in that. In outline, a decent finishing up articulation found in the Encylical Letter about the position and duty of the Church to consistently announce the fact of the matter is intensely introduced in n. 18: She doesn't, along these lines, sidestep the obligation forced on her of declaring unassumingly yet immovably the whole good law, both normal and zealous. Since the Church didn't make both of these laws, she can't be their arbiterâ€only their gatekeeper and translator. It would never be directly for her to announce legal what is in reality unlawful, since that, by its very nature, is constantly contradicted to the genuine great of man. All things considered, I think having confidence in today’s society can yield a superior life for each and every individual who opens their psyche to another perspective. However, despite the fact that with today’s impacts and high paced life, carrying on with a dedicated life may not be simple, it is fulfilling and refining. The perspectives on the Church keep you grounded as it reminds you to satisfy your endowments given to you by God.

Lee Essay -- essays research papers

Robert E. Lee "They state you needed to see him to accept that a man so fine could exist. He was attractive. He was smart. He was valiant. He was delicate. He was liberal also, beguiling, honorable and unobtrusive, respected and dearest. He had never fizzled at anything in his upstanding trooper's life. He was brought into the world a victor, this Robert E. Lee. Aside from once. In the best challenge of his life, in a war between the South and the North, Robert E. Lee lost" (Redmond). Through his life, Robert E. Lee would end up being consistently honorable, consistently a man of honor, and continuously equipped for beating the test lying before him. Robert Edward Lee was conceived on January 19, 1807 (Compton's). He was conceived into one of Virginia's most regarded families. The Lee family had moved to America during the mid 1600's. Some genealogist can follow the Lee's foundations back to William the Conqueror. Two individuals from the Lee family had marked the Revelation of Independence, Richard Lee and Francis Lightfoot. Charles Lee had filled in as lawyer General under the Washington organization while Richard Bland Lee, had gotten one of Virginia's driving Federalists. Obviously, the Lees were an American Political line (Nash 242). Lee's dad was General Henry "Light-Horse Harry" Lee. He had been a gallant mounted force pioneer in the American Revolution. He wedded his cousin Matilda. They had four youngsters, yet Matilda kicked the bucket in 1790. On her demise bed she made an already difficult situation even worse upon Henry Lee by leaving her home to her youngsters. She dreaded Henry would waste the family fortune. He was well known for poor ventures and plans that had exhausted his own family's fortune (Connelly 5). Henry Lee tackled his budgetary issues by wedding Robert's mom Anne Carter, girl of probably the wealthiest man (Nash 242). Henry Lee in the long run spent his family into obligation. Their masterful chateau, Stratford Corridor, was gone over to Robert's stepbrother. Anne Lee moved with her youngsters to a basic block house in Alexandria. Light Horse Harry was sometimes around. At long last, in 1813 he moved toward the West Indies. His self-oust got changeless, and he was gone forever by his family (Thomas). Youthful Robert had other family issues. His mom turned out to be exceptionally sick. At the age of twelve he needed to bear the ... ...nd). - - - - - Works Citied Brasington, Larry, The American Revolution-a HTML venture. Http://odur.let.rug.nl~usa/B/relee/htm, 11/23/97. Brinkley, Alan, American History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995. Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. PC Software. Compton's NewMedia, Inc,1994. Connelly, Thomas L. The Marble Man. New York: Knopf, 1977. Davis, Jefffers, The Papers.http://www.ruf ..edu/~pjdavis/lee/htm, 11/6/97. Grimsley, Wayne. "The Differences Deepen." Starkville, MS, 11 Nov. 1997. (Class address conveyed at Mississippi State University.) Kelly, Brian. Best Little Stories From The Civil War. Charlottesville, VA: Montpelier Publishing, 1996. Nash, Roderick, and Graves, Gregory. From These Beginnings. New York: HarperCollins, 1995. National Park Service. Http://www.nps.gov/gwmp/arl_hse.html., 11/6/97. Redmond, Louis. He Lost a War and Won Immortality. Http://www-scf.usc.edu/~herron nva.html, 11/6/97. Thomas, Emory. Robert E. Lee. Http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/LEE.lifle.html, 11/17/97.

Narrative Essay on the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay Example for Free

Story Essay on the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Frederick Douglass relates his life of bondage and his possible trip to opportunity. At the point when he was an adolescent he was set in a family unit in which the guileless special lady began to instruct him to peruse. Her endeavors were stopped by her significant other and youthful Douglass reviewed his talk on the reasons slaves ought not be taught. Anyway the concise exercises put inside Douglass the craving to keep on learning, by whatever implies conceivable, to peruse and to compose. He had found that instruction and education was to be his â€Å"pathway from subjection to opportunity. † Douglass outlines that proficiency is the most significant resource a man can air conditioning quire in the event that he is to accomplish extraordinary objectives. Douglass’ new desire to get proficient had both positive and negative impacts. His new want filled him â€Å"high trust and a fixed purpose† and his life was on a very basic level transformed from that early time throughout everyday life. His mission for education was filled with certainty that his future life would be fundamentally unique and better once he had aced perusing and composing. Anyway it was not without negative impacts too. The more he learned of subjection the more he abhorred his own condition and the slave-proprietors that made it. As his lords got mindful of his capacity he was continually looked as they attempted to keep him from arriving at his objective. For a slave the way to proficiency was troublesome. Anyway the way to education drove Douglass to outcomes he was unable to have im-agined. A totally new world was opened for him, and with proficiency came information on an actual existence that slaves had been denied. With education in the end came information on religion and the incomparable Abolition development. The best result of proficiency was opportunity of the brain and opportunity of thought, and education became for Douglass the apparatus with which he would turn into his own â€Å"master†. Proficiency was for Douglass and different slaves a force which they had been denied. Obliviousness and absence of education were devices more remarkable than the whip and chains, and were utilized viably by the slave-proprietors to keep slaves in accommodation. The slave proprietors un-derstood this and dreaded proficient and instructed slaves who might now know there is no reality in the slave-owner’s conviction that they â€Å"should realize only to comply with his lord. † Slave proprietors knew the craving for education would spread among the slaves and would be the basic strategy for their inevitable opportunity. It was a force the slave proprietors were not ready to provide for their slaves. Douglass characterizes education not just by depicting the undeniable capacity to peruse and compose, yet shows genuine proficiency as the capacity to comprehend and impart considerations, de-sires, and feelings. Douglass shows education similar to the genuine bond between free men and the strategy to join against subjugation and mistreatment. Education joins man while numbness and absence of education keeps man separated from the remainder of the world. Albeit Narrative was composed more than one hundred and sixty years back it despite everything fills in as a substantial token of the intensity of proficiency, which remains the most significant as-set a man can secure. With proficiency everything are conceivable, and without it the unskilled become captives to obliviousness.

Parents Reveal Top College Savings Strategies

Most families have a long list of savings priorities ï ¿ ½ from paying day-to-day expenses to saving for retirement, or building a home improvements fund, just to name a few. So where does saving for college fit? Fidelity recently surveyed parents across the country to find out what college savings goals families have set for this year and how they intend to stick to them. According to the College Savings Resolutions Study1 , 85 percent of parents report saving for college as one of their top three savings priorities for 2014, along with saving for retirement and building an emergency fund. One-third of families say it is their top savings priority this year. Parents also report that they are setting specific goals. Sixty percent say they intend to save more than they did last year, with the average family planning to set aside at least $405 per month towards their college fund. The most important step towards saving is to get started early. The earlier you start, the more time your savings have to grow. For families just starting to save, consider opening a dedicated college savings account, such as a tax-advantaged 529 college savings account. Saving in an account dedicated specifically for college can often help parents avoid tapping into those funds for other expenses. As well, families that save in a 529 college savings account can withdrawal earnings federal income tax free for qualified higher education expenses when the time comes for their child to head to campus. In our study, 50 percent of respondents report already having a 529 college savings plan in place, and 53 percent intend to contribute more to their accounts in 2014. In order to achieve this year's college savings goals, parents are employing a number of strategies. Among families that have a plan in place for college savings, the number one strategy is to save monthly: 81 percent of parents say they have set a monthly savings target. Other strategies include: saving part or all of their 2013 tax refund (37 percent), ear-marking a portion of a bonus or raise (36 percent), reallocating funds previously allotted to day care or after school care (24 percent) and reallocating funds previously allotted to other savings goals (29 percent). Parents are also engaging friends and family to help. Many are planning to save a portion of monetary gifts their children may receive throughout the year for birthdays or other holidays (37 percent), and half of parents surveyed report that family and friends already contribute to their child's college savings fund. Grandparents in particular are playing a big role, with 41 percent contributing. Parents are focusing on college planning goals as well. On their college 'to do' list: Talking to their children about how much college costs and how their family will pay for it (58 percent) Researching scholarships and grants to help offset costs (53 percent) Considering talking to a financial or planning expert for help (48 percent) Learn more about how the financial aid process works (39 percent) Ask their children to save some of their own earnings (30 percent) Establishing savings goals is a great step forward in planning for college. But for many, sticking to them is where the real work comes in. To help, Fidelity created a Calendar of College Savings and Planning Tips, which offers month-by-month savings strategies. For example, early in the year getting organized is top of mind for many families. Automating contributions to a college account can help streamline savings. 'Spring cleaning' your closets and your spending habits can also identify hidden dollars that can be repurposed for college saving. Small changes can sometimes make a big difference. Whether you're just getting started, or looking for ways to save a little more each month, these tips may help keep you on track throughout the year. For additional tools to help stay on track, resources are available at our College Savings Resource Center. Keith Bernhardt is the vice president of college planning at Fidelity Investments. Keep in mind that investing involves risk. The value of your investment will fluctuate over time and you may gain or lose money. Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917 679203.1.0 ï ¿ ½ 2014 FMR LLC. All rights reserved. 1Fidelity Investments, College Savings Resolutions Study, January 2014: Respondents of the survey are parents with college-bound children of all ages. The survey respondents had household incomes of $30,000 a year or more, have started saving for college, and were the financial decision makers in their household. Most families have a long list of savings priorities ï ¿ ½ from paying day-to-day expenses to saving for retirement, or building a home improvements fund, just to name a few. So where does saving for college fit? Fidelity recently surveyed parents across the country to find out what college savings goals families have set for this year and how they intend to stick to them. According to the College Savings Resolutions Study1 , 85 percent of parents report saving for college as one of their top three savings priorities for 2014, along with saving for retirement and building an emergency fund. One-third of families say it is their top savings priority this year. Parents also report that they are setting specific goals. Sixty percent say they intend to save more than they did last year, with the average family planning to set aside at least $405 per month towards their college fund. The most important step towards saving is to get started early. The earlier you start, the more time your savings have to grow. For families just starting to save, consider opening a dedicated college savings account, such as a tax-advantaged 529 college savings account. Saving in an account dedicated specifically for college can often help parents avoid tapping into those funds for other expenses. As well, families that save in a 529 college savings account can withdrawal earnings federal income tax free for qualified higher education expenses when the time comes for their child to head to campus. In our study, 50 percent of respondents report already having a 529 college savings plan in place, and 53 percent intend to contribute more to their accounts in 2014. In order to achieve this year's college savings goals, parents are employing a number of strategies. Among families that have a plan in place for college savings, the number one strategy is to save monthly: 81 percent of parents say they have set a monthly savings target. Other strategies include: saving part or all of their 2013 tax refund (37 percent), ear-marking a portion of a bonus or raise (36 percent), reallocating funds previously allotted to day care or after school care (24 percent) and reallocating funds previously allotted to other savings goals (29 percent). Parents are also engaging friends and family to help. Many are planning to save a portion of monetary gifts their children may receive throughout the year for birthdays or other holidays (37 percent), and half of parents surveyed report that family and friends already contribute to their child's college savings fund. Grandparents in particular are playing a big role, with 41 percent contributing. Parents are focusing on college planning goals as well. On their college 'to do' list: Talking to their children about how much college costs and how their family will pay for it (58 percent) Researching scholarships and grants to help offset costs (53 percent) Considering talking to a financial or planning expert for help (48 percent) Learn more about how the financial aid process works (39 percent) Ask their children to save some of their own earnings (30 percent) Establishing savings goals is a great step forward in planning for college. But for many, sticking to them is where the real work comes in. To help, Fidelity created a Calendar of College Savings and Planning Tips, which offers month-by-month savings strategies. For example, early in the year getting organized is top of mind for many families. Automating contributions to a college account can help streamline savings. 'Spring cleaning' your closets and your spending habits can also identify hidden dollars that can be repurposed for college saving. Small changes can sometimes make a big difference. Whether you're just getting started, or looking for ways to save a little more each month, these tips may help keep you on track throughout the year. For additional tools to help stay on track, resources are available at our College Savings Resource Center. Keith Bernhardt is the vice president of college planning at Fidelity Investments. Keep in mind that investing involves risk. The value of your investment will fluctuate over time and you may gain or lose money. Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917 679203.1.0 ï ¿ ½ 2014 FMR LLC. All rights reserved. 1Fidelity Investments, College Savings Resolutions Study, January 2014: Respondents of the survey are parents with college-bound children of all ages. The survey respondents had household incomes of $30,000 a year or more, have started saving for college, and were the financial decision makers in their household.

How to Write an Effective News Article

Techniques for writing a news article differ from those needed for academic papers. Whether youre interested in writing for a school newspaper, fulfilling a requirement for a class, or seeking a writing job in journalism, youll need to know the difference. To write like a real reporter, consider this guide for how to write a news article. Choose Your Topic First, you must decide what to write about. Sometimes an editor or instructor will give you assignments, but you’ll often have to find your own topics to cover. If you get to choose your topic, you might be able to pick a subject related to your personal experience or family history, which would give you a strong framework and a dose of perspective. However, this route means you must work to avoid bias—you may have strong opinions that could affect your conclusions. You also could pick a topic that revolves around a personal interest, such as your favorite sport. Research for Your News Article Even if you end up with a topic close to your heart, you should begin with research, using books and articles that will give you a full understanding of the subject. Go to the library and find background information about people, organizations, and events you intend to cover. Next, interview a few people to collect more information and quotes that give perspective on the topic. Dont be intimidated by the idea of interviewing important or newsworthy people—an interview can be as formal or informal as you want to make it, so relax and have fun with it. Find people with backgrounds in the topic and strong opinions, and carefully write down or record their responses for accuracy. Let the interviewees know that you will be quoting them. Parts of a News Article Before you write your first draft, you should be aware of the parts that make up a news story: Headline or title The headline  of your article should be catchy and to the point. You should punctuate your title using Associated Press style guidelines unless your publication specifies something else. Other members of the publication staff frequently write the headlines, but this will help focus your thoughts and maybe save those other staffers some time. Examples: Lost dog finds his way homeDebate tonight in Jasper HallPanel chooses 3 essay winners Byline The byline is the name of the writer—your name, in this case. Lead (sometimes written "lede") The lead is the first sentence or paragraph, written to provide a preview of the entire article. It summarizes the story and includes many of the basic facts. The lead will help readers decide if they want to read the rest of the news article or if they are satisfied knowing these details. The story Once you’ve set the stage with a good lead, follow up with a well-written story that contains facts from your research and quotes from people you’ve interviewed. The article should not contain your opinions. Detail any events in chronological order. Use the active voice—not passive voice—when possible, and write in clear, short, direct sentences. In a news article, you should use the inverted pyramid format—putting the most critical information in the early paragraphs and following with supporting information. This ensures that the reader sees the important details first. Hopefully theyll be intrigued enough to continue to the end. The sources Include your sources in the body with the information and quotes they provide. This is different from academic papers, where you would add these at the end of the piece. The ending Your conclusion can be your last bit of information, a summary, or a carefully chosen quote to leave the reader with a strong sense of your story.

Ethical And Legal Environment Of Organizations - 1031 Words

Executive Compensation Cristy Lawler Bethel University Dr. Dorothy Black MOD 450: Ethical Legal Environment of Organizations January 9, 2017 Abstract For years CEO’s have been making larger salaries in compression to the employees that work for the company. How the salaries are decided can be one of two ways. Either by how much money the company brings and gives to the shareholders or by how well the CEO runs the company. The question becomes which was is not only morally but also ethically right. CEO’s will do whatever is necessary to make more to please the shareholders and give the shareholders fast money quickly? By doing this the CEO’s or executives may use morally and unethical practices. If the CEO’s put in the hard work†¦show more content†¦A positive workplace for not only workers but also the shareholders can be traced back to the top executives within the companies. Everyone is in a win-win situation (Edmans, 2016). Influencing Factors When the issue of the executive leaders getting based on how much money they can make the shareholders, the problems becomes how they make the money. The CEO’s may be to do things that are unethical and wrong in an effort to make more money. Things like insider trading, stealing from the employee s pensions plans and becoming involved in Ponzi schemes all the sake of making more money for the shareholders because the end results become the CEOs will, in turn, make more money. In the case of basing the salary on how well the executives actually perform in the leadership roles within the company, it is fair to say the better the job performance the better the pay. The thinking behind this process is simple. The better the executives perform each quarter or yearly the higher the raise or bonus is, which leads to more money for the shareholders. This plan can be used as a tool to help ensure long-term success for the company and for the shareholders (Schneid er, 2013). Potential Solutions The shareholder based salaries and the job performance series can both be successful in the executive compensation plan. The shareholder based plan needs to keep in mind that for every dollar thatShow MoreRelatedEthical And Legal Environment Of Organizations1308 Words   |  6 Pages Hostess Brand Falls Flat Cristy Lawler Bethel University MOD 450: Ethical Legal Environment of Organizations Dr. Dorothy Black December 29, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract For over 70 years Hostess had been a staple on shelves everywhere. Then in the 80’s the company hit very hard financial troubles. In an effort to save the company it made hasty negotiations, took hefty loans for two major leaders, and then tried to quick fix the problem. All the while not holding up to their end of the bargains theyRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics in Business Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral preferences of what should or should not be done becomes irrelevant. 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Platts these three kinds of responsibility as a minimum core of moral responsibility , and the core is divided into three levels of moral responsibility : First, co mpanies assume an obligationRead MoreBusiness Practices Of The West Houston Medical Center Organization847 Words   |  4 PagesThis type of ethics is frequently motivated by the law; a copious amount of organizations practice ethics in order to be accepted by the community, not to mention in order to ensure a successful business. Ethical values can have a focal point on organizational concerns which assist the company in adhere to respectable practices within their establishment or corporation. I am part of the West Houston Medical Center organization, and the hospital’s mission statement states: â€Å"We are a family of dedicated

Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics System. Answer: Intoduction: A sample of Benzoic acid of 1 to 1.2 grams was weighted. The sample cap was pre-weighted. The instructions given below was followed using the figure 5.1; The die was set over the receiving cap with three parts resting on the base of the press. The plug was dropped into the die.The die, cup, and plug were transferred onto the anvil while holding one finger against the bottom of the cup to keep it and the plug in place. The die was filled with the roughly weighed sample. The charge was compressed by pushing the lever down. The die was raised or lowered by screwing the anvil up or down until firm pressure was acquired to push the lever through its full stroke (Paula, J. 2010). The lever was raised, the die was slid from the anvil and the cup and plug removed. The cup and die were returned to their original position on the anvil and the plug was gently dropped into the top of the anvil above the pellet.The level was brought down gently to eject the pellet into the cup. Care was taken not to move the level through a full stroke to avoid crushing of the pellet. The lever was raised and parts slid from the anvil. The pellet cup was taken and weighed accurately on balances. Handling of the cup with fingers was avoided as much as possible.The cycle was repeated starting at step 1 for each pellet required. The huge knurled cap was taken out of the bomb and the inside part of the bomb was carefully extracted and put on the special holder provided.The already weighed-sample and cup were placed in the yoke.An ignition wire that had already been cut was used to securely tie each arm of the electrodes allowing a loop between that ensured the wire touched the surface of the pellet. Caution was taken or ensure it did not touch the sides of the metal cup. All parts assembled were put on the lower part of the bomb and pressed down ensuring that the O-ring had fitted well (Bettelheim.F.A. 1971). The knurled cup was tightened making it hand tight.NOTE: it was inevitable for the electrode connections to be placed at 90 from the holes in the cap to facilitate clearance of the electrodes by means of the transport clamp after connection. The hose was attached from the regulator on the oxygen tank to the head of the bomb.The safety valve on the bomb was opened by turning the knurled knob to the left 1-2 times. The cylinder was opened by turning the cylinder valve. The valve was not opened completely. The small knob on the regulator that was black was turned to allow gas movement into the bomb very slowly. The large gauge on the regulator was watched.The bomb was supplied with oxygen for about 15 seconds. The knurled knob was turned down on the safety valve and pressure in the bomb was allowed to build up to about 25 atmospheres. The regulator knob was quickly closed. It was necessary that the pressure in the bomb did not exceed 30 atmospheres.The black lever found below the regulator knob was depressed and any pressure in the line of the bomb was released. A one-way valve in the bomb prevented pressure loss (Reid, P. (2013.)). The hose connection to the bomb was unscrewed and the bomb was carefully placed out of the way of the bench top. The hot and cold water taps were fully turned. At the top of the Calorimeter. The balance knob was turned to O position. The jacket temperature control was turned to minimum. The switch was turned to run position. The power switch was turned on. The controller was run for about 5 minutes to realize some extent of equilibrium. When stabilizing the controller, the stainless still container was filled with deionized water: The weight of the dry container was tarred off and recorded. 20000.2g of deionized water was added to the container (Reid, P. 2013.). The temperature was checked with a lab thermometer so that it lied between 19.5 g to 21C. This was placed in a calorimeter so that it sat on the proper pins in the bottom of the cavity. The special wire holder was used to lower the bomb part way into the water. The leads were attached to the electrodes and slowly lowered the bomb into the water so that it settled on the raised portion of the container. The clamp was removed from the bomb and any water droplets that would have adhered into the clamp were shaken off. The thorough scrutiny was done to ensure there were no bubbles, an indicator that there would have been a leak in the bomb assembly. The cover of the calorimeter was closed and the thermometer was lowered and stirred into position. The solution was allowed to attain equilibrium for about 5 minutes. The temperature on the bucket thermometer was read to discover fluctuation. After the temperature had stabilized, the balance knob was adjusted until the jacket temperature was exactly the same as the container. This had to be done slowly to avoid overshooting the jacket temperature. As the two temperatures approached each other, the white and orange lights interchanged on and off. When the container and jacket temperatures were same, the balance knob was locked and read with the magnifier. The container temperature was measured to the nearest thousandth degree (Nibler.J.W. 1989.). The ignite button was depressed at the front of the calorimeter. After ignition, the container and jacket temperatures begin to rise. Two methods could be used in carrying out standardization and determination. Allowing temperature of the container to rise to the highest. Allowing temperature to rise for a specific time and reading the temperature after this time. For laboratory purposes, this is proffered over the other. The calorimeter was allowed to run for strictly 10 minutes and the temperature rose on the container thermometer. The calorimeter was opened and the stainless still tank was removed. The balance knob was turned back to one and the switch was put at plunge position. The knurled knob on the top of the bomb was slowly turned to allow the pressure inside the bomb is released. The large retaining ring was removed and the bomb open. Remove the small pieces of wire that have not been burned in the bomb and record the total length. The procedure was repeated with benzoic acid and twice with naphthalene. The following were off before leaving; Taps, The calorimeter, Valve on the oxygen tank, Emptying of the oxygen bomb, Denver 5kg balance. The calorimeter is a device used in measuring the amount of heat involved in a physical or chemical process. For instance, when an exothermic reaction occurs in a calorimeter, the heat produced by the reaction is absorbed by the solution which increases its temperature. When the amount of heat involved in a chemical reaction is to be determined in Benzoic acid, the Benzoic acid is burnt in a calorimeter. Benzoic acid is a colorless crystalline solid and simple aromatic carboxylic acid.Its name is derived from its only source known as the gun Benzoic. The chemical formula for Benzoic acid is C7H5O2 =specific heat capacity (Refers to the amount of heat needed to raise the mass by 1 Kelvin or simply the heat capacity per unit mass of a material). The calculated value is -3226.999.The equation relating energy to specific heat capacity is E=m. Where the m= mass of the substance in kg, C= the specific heat capacity in J/, = The temperature change in degrees Celsius. Resonance energy for Naphthalene is 61kCal/mol this value is shifted by around five times -28.6 which is equal to -143.0 kCal/mol. During calculation of the resonance energy of Naphthalene, the enthalpy from the experiment is measured by combustion reaction. The enthalpy of formation for Naphthalene is not measured. The combustion reaction is represented by the equation; In the calculation of the resonance energy, the enthalpy of formation of Naphthalene can be compared with that of bond energies. When using bond energy, for instance, the calculations are done in the gaseous state, therefore, the gaseous state of Naphthalene is; (g) The data below were used to draw the graph of the average conductivity against concentration. No Concentration Average conductivity 1 0.5 622.5 2 1 12.4 3 5 60.3 4 10 1.185 5 20 2.322 References. Atkins, P.; de Paula , J. (2010). Physical Chemistry. W.H Freeman and Company. Bettelheim.F.A. (1971). Experimental Physical Chemistry. Saunders golden series. Engel, T; Reid, P. (2013.). Thermodynamics, Statistical, Thermodynamics, and kinetics. Pearson Education Inc. Shoemaker, D.P, Garland,.C.W.; Nibler.J.W. (1989.). Experiments in Physical Chemistry. McGraw Hill Inc.